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Form Finding Lab.
Princeton University

Performance: Noli Timere – Mac Carter, Princeton

Noli Timere Performance at McCarter Theater, Princeton | Feb 7-8, 2025

Sigrid Adriaenssens, Rebecca Lazier and Janet Echelman did some of their first work with nets and dancers while co-teaching architectural design studios—initially at the University of Washington in 2019 and the next year at Princeton. During those sessions, they encountered an intriguing softening and rigidifying phenomenon in nets. What began as an observation in the classroom evolved into a deeper investigation. They expanded their collaboration into a Princeton University-funded research initiative, adding structural engineers and a mathematician to their research group so they could further explore this complex net behavior. Through a weeklong workshop at the Lewis Center for the Arts, they were able to test full-scale net prototypes in an environment designed for tensile loads, with railings, ceiling mounts, and wall supports. The dancers, moving dynamically across the nets, became both sensors and active inputs—intuiting structural behaviors through movement while also providing invaluable real-world data to refine our mathematical and machine-learning models. This sort of physical large-scale testing-opportunity is rarely afforded in structural engineering research.
Investigating this reciprocal exchange between human loads (the dancers) and structural response has led to new insights into how nets accommodate and channel dynamic loads, an area that had been relatively unexplored. Their research has deepened the understanding of how forces propagate through net structures. This work has already resulted in a research grant, a journal publication, and a chapter in Janet’s upcoming book, Radical Softness and a performance Noli Timere at the McCarter Theater in Princeton, NJ>

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Publication: Digital guidework for augmented thin-tile vaulting construction

Masonry vaults are among the most elegant and efficient structural forms, yet their construction has long been slowed down by costly falsework and guidework.
Our team explored a new path: augmented reality as digital guidework. Instead of rigid scaffolding, masons can now follow holographic projections that provide just the right amount of visual support—keeping builders in control of their analog craft.
In field tests, this approach improved productivity by ~30% while achieving remarkable accuracy (within 1% of the vault span). Looking ahead, interactive mixed-reality could further boost precision, speed, and even training opportunities.
This work shows how centuries-old craftsmanship and cutting-edge technology can merge to keep masonry vaulting not just viable, but visionary. Read more about our findings here https://lnkd.in/d4-KcCxS

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Publication: Design of purely compressive shells under vertical and horizontal loads through Machine Learning-driven form-finding

We are excited to share our latest research on advancing the design of shell structures under challenging loading conditions. Traditionally, form-finding methods for masonry vaults focus on vertical loads, but extreme wind or seismic forces introduce significant design and safety complexities.
Our new paper explores an alternative to computationally intensive optimisation steps in Membrane Equilibrium Analysis. Using machine learning regression techniques—XGBoost, Random Forests, and k-Nearest Neighbours—we identify optimal Airy Stress Function parameters to improve efficiency and maintain structural integrity.
Case study results show that these methods can reduce computational demands while achieving material-efficient designs, with k-Nearest Neighbours delivering the best performance in our tests.
Read more about our findings here: https://lnkd.in/eEnu8sEW

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Exhibit: Alternative Skies at the Venice Architecture Biennale, Italy

We’re pleased to share that our latest paper, “Numerical modeling of cantilevered bigon arm mechanics under gravity,” by Axel Larsson @axla.io and Sigrid Adriaenssens is now published Open Access in the Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids (link in bio)

In this work, we investigate the stability regimes of reconfigurable bigon arms under gravitational loading—offering new insights into multi-stable structural systems.

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